Affordable Hydroponics: How To Set Up A Budget-Friendly DWC System For Growing Cannabis

Hydroponics has become immensely popular over the years, especially with users salivating over the buds they see on Instagram. Even on Reddit, hydroponics gets a lot of hype — and rightly so! It deserves all the adulation. 

However, many people assume that it's too expensive to set up a hydroponics system. There are many types of hydroponic setups and while some of them are expensive and are mostly suited for commercial operations, other setups aren't all that expensive. 

If you're looking to set up a hydroponic to grow cannabis but are hesitant to do it because of the costs, you're at the right place. In this article, we will explore how to set up cheaper hydroponic setups and give you a full cost breakdown as well.

Let's get to it, shall we?

What is Hydroponics?

Hydroponics is a growing technique where you grow plants without soil. Nowadays, a lot of agriculturists are using hydroponics throughout the world to grow a variety of crops, as it is a highly efficient method and very rewarding. Thus, this method isn't specific to cannabis, but you reap good rewards if you follow and set up everything properly. 

In hydroponics, you'll be using a nutrient solution that provides nutrients directly to the plant roots. As a result, the plants get everything they need and grow to their full potential. 

Hydroponics has several advantages for cannabis growers. The ability to control the growing environment precisely is one of the greatest advantages. In a hydroponic setup, you can monitor nutrient levels, pH balance, and oxygen in a controlled environment. To be specific, the pitfalls of growing cannabis in soil can be avoided. This control helps to obtain faster growth rates since the plants will receive optimal nutrition and not be limited by the soil. Due to this, hydroponic systems can give faster and higher yields of cannabis compared to other methods.

Moreover, hydroponics does not have many challenges caused by soil like pests and diseases and inconsistent nutrient availability. This is not to say that growing in soil is inferior; however, hydroponics has quite a few advantages and you even conserve water, which is a very important factor for the environment. 

Besides that, hydroponics also requires less space and resources for indoor planting. Growers can maximize their growing area and use their nutrients (which are very expensive) more efficiently. 

Not only is it a good choice for commercial cultivators but for home growers as well. 

There are many choices available nowadays to start with a hydroponic system, but if you want a cheaper alternative, it's best to make one yourself. Ready-made hydroponic systems are costly and you may find it hard to customize them according to your requirements. 

With a DIY hydroponic setup, however, you're free to create a design that fits your specific space, budget, and strain. In addition, a DIY system allows you to learn about the complex intricacies of hydroponic growing leading to better growth and the ability to troubleshoot and improve the system with time.

Now that you have a basic idea what a hydroponic system is, let's get to how you can build a cheap hydroponic setup at home. 

Materials Needed for a DIY Hydroponic System at Home 

This is a great option for experienced growers or beginners trying new growing techniques because they are easy to construct and yield good results. But, to do so, you'll need a basic understanding of the role of each element so you can create an effective environment for the growth of the plants. 

Regardless of the system you choose, these components are common in most of these setups. If you can understand how they work, you can customize them according to your requirements. 

So, here’s a list of the materials you'll need and their cost as well:

1. Reservoir 

The reservoir is the main container that holds the nutrient solution for the plant. Usually made from plastic, it should be opaque to prevent light from penetrating and causing algae growth. You should have a reservoir according to the number of plants you decide to grow and the space you have. So, how to calculate the size of the reservoir? Well, typically, a 20-30 gallon container should be sufficient for most small to medium systems. It may cost around $20 to $40, but can be cheaper in some areas. For alternative options, you can also go for buckets or plastic bins. Basically, it should be a sturdy container that doesn't leak the solution it holds. 

2. Grow Tray

The grow tray is where you'll keep the plants to support them. Generally, it's placed above the reservoir and gives the roots access to the nutrient solution. The tray should be tough and just the right size to contain your net pots and growing medium. A grow tray can cost anywhere from $15 to $30, depending on the material and size.

3. Water pump 

The water pump is what sends the nutrient-rich solution from the reservoir to the grow tray so the nutrients reach your plants! The pump should have a reasonable capacity to lift the water but not be hugely stressful on the plants. A good water pump can be expected to cost $20 – $40. But, you won’t need this for DWC. 

4. Air pump and stones 

Oxygen is a crucial element in a hydroponic system, the lack of which can lead to root rot. Since the roots will be submerged in water in most hydroponic systems, you'll have to use an air pump and air stones to oxygenate the nutrient solution which is then absorbed by the plant roots. If your setup is small, a regular aquarium pump will work as well but make sure it has the capacity to oxygenate the water properly. Air stones introduce air into a tank in the form of tiny bubbles. Again, you'll find a variety of them and you should choose something that fits your system’s requirements. Usually, while air pumps can cost around $25 or so, air stones will cost about $15-$30.

5. Net Pots

Net pots are small containers with mesh sides designed to accommodate the plants and their growing medium. The roots can extend in the nutrient solution while the plant is held in place. You can get these pots that are available in many sizes. They are reusable too, so you don't have to purchase them again. Typically, these will cost about $5 to $10 for a set of about 6 to 8 pots. 

6. Growing Medium

The growing medium provides proper structural support and holds the plant in place within the net. In hydroponics, the medium doesn’t supply any nutrients like soil; instead, it just supports the plant. The nutrient solution has all the nutrients that the plant will need. Cheap growing mediums such as Rockwool, Hydroton (clay pebbles), or coco coir that cost $10 to $20 depending on the type and quantity are good to use in hydroponic systems. While hydroton is reusable, you'll have to dispose of Rockwool after using it a few times. 

7. Nutrients

Hydroponic nutrients for cannabis are carefully formulated and aimed to provide the required mineral concentration and other elements to plants. These nutrients are often stronger and well-balanced than those you'll use in soil. An average supply of hydroponic nutrients is about $20-$30 but it really depends on how many plants you're growing and how much they consume. So, while it may cost some people just $20 for the entire lifecycle of the plant, it can be significantly higher for other growers growing multiple plants. 

Moreover, you may want to use supplements to boost the resin and trichome production. You can even purchase products that increase the terpenes to enhance the taste of your buds. All these costs will add up, so plan ahead and buy stuff in bulk. Nutrients are not reusable either so they are significantly more expensive than other equipment that's listed here. 

8. pH meters and Adjusters 

Keeping the right pH level of your nutrient solution is essential to help the plants absorb nutrients. Cannabis plants do their best in a pH of 5.5 to 6.5 in hydroponic systems. Therefore, a pH meter is extremely important. Now, you get pH strips as well, but they aren't nearly as accurate. 

As mentioned earlier, the pH needs to be in the right range. Thus, you'll need to adjust it when it fluctuates beyond these levels, for which you'll need pH adjusters. They are called pH Up and pH Down and most growers use these but you can try other brands as well. 

You can expect to pay between $20 and $40 for a suitable pH meter and a set of adjusters.

1. Grow lights 

An indoor hydroponic system requires grow lights to supply the plants with energy for carrying out photosynthesis. LED grow lights are efficient, produce low heat, and have a long lifespan, so you can consider using them. You can use other grow lights like HID, CFL, and CMH lights as well. It's really tough to give you an estimate here as the cost depends on the wattage, quality, brand, and type of light you're going to buy. However, a decent 1000W LED Grow light will cost anywhere from $100-$200. 

2. Grow tents 

If you're growing cannabis indoors, whether in hydroponics or in soil, you'll need a grow tent unless you're converting a room to grow the plants. Like everything else, there are way too many choices and you can get a good grow tent for about $100-$150 if you're planning to grow at least 4-5 plants. 

3. Timer 

A timer is another important gadget in an indoor set-up. It automates the light and pump cycles so you don’t have to worry about lights and nutrients at odd hours during the day. Automation helps maintain a consistent growing environment for healthy plants. Timers aren't expensive and are available from $10 to $20. 

4. Ventilation 

Proper ventilation is needed to control the airflow, temperature, and humidity in the growing area. Proper airflow also distributes the odor and reduces it somewhat, but most importantly, it prevents your plants from getting infected by mold and mildew. A simple ventilation system contains fans and carbon filters to eliminate the smell of your plants. Depending on the system, complexity, and power, costs range from $50 to $100.

Each one of these components has its own specific role in building a good and efficient hydroponic system. When you use good-quality materials, you ensure the sustainability of the system and your cannabis plant’s health. Although the upfront costs may seem high, the benefits you will reap are worth it at the end of the day. 

Best Hydroponic System for Budget Grows

Finding an inexpensive hydroponic system can be vital for those who want to grow cannabis on a budget. We want something that can produce good yields without being ridiculously expensive. So, if you're on a tight budget, the Deep Water Culture (DWC) system is the best hydroponic system you can use. 

Why DWC is Great for Budget Grows

1. Cheap and Easy to Set-Up

The DWC system is one of the simplest and cheapest hydroponic systems to set up. The main parts of a hydroponic system are a reservoir, air pump, air stone, net pot, and growing medium (Hydroton, Rockwool). Most of these materials can be sourced cheaply from any hardware or garden store. Moreover, many DWC setups can be made from reused or DIY materials, e.g. a plastic storage bin can be used as a reservoir, bringing costs down even more.

As a side note, remember that although the initial setup cost is higher than growing in soil as it requires an air pump, air stone, and pH meter, you will save money in the long run. Still, you can test DWC out on a small scale before expanding.

Alternatively, to save money, buy materials and equipment strategically and look for discounts or second-hand items.

2. High on Convenience

When a DWC system is set up, you don't have to spend a lot of time on maintenance, unlike other hydroponic systems. Your work involves checking the pH and nutrient levels, topping off water, and cleaning the system. The plants are submerged in oxygenated water which reduces the chances of the nutrient solution running out. The pump failure is also costly in other systems like Drip or NFT, but less in this system. Still, make it a habit to regularly check your system and maintain it to avoid hiccups in smooth functioning. If available, consider automating components like pH monitoring.

Also, if the air pump fails, or something similar happens, then all oxygen and or nutrient levels in the system may suddenly drop. This can stress or kill some of the highest-yielding plants. Thus, always invest in good quality and reliable equipment. Be ready with spare air pumps or alarms that alert you when the oxygen is too low. 

3. Productive 

Despite being inexpensive, the DWC system is very efficient and productive. The roots of the plants are immersed in a solution containing nutrients, ensuring the plants always have the nutrients and oxygen they need for growth.

It results in quicker growth rates and bigger yields, which means you get more out of your money. The system is so effective for cannabis cultivation largely due to the direct and consistent delivery of nutrients that help optimize plant health and maximize output.

4. Scalable

DWC systems can be built easily, and you can easily expand on it if you want. For instance, you can begin with just a few plants but add more buckets or increase the size of your reservoir as your budget allows. This flexibility lets you scale within your budget without having to change your entire system.

5. Simple Design and Construction

Even if you don’t have a great deal of DIY experience, the design of a DWC system is simple enough that you should be able to construct one. You can usually find online tutorials to get a basic understanding of how to assemble things. The simple design also means fewer parts that can fail or need replacing which lowers long-term costs.

Disadvantages of a DWC system 

As always, every system has a few cons too. Although it's quite popular because of its simplicity and effectiveness, you should be aware of some disadvantages before going for it as you can make better decisions while taking the right measures to fix them.

1. Risk of Root Rot

In a DWC system, the plant roots lie submerged in a nutrient solution. If proper precautions are not taken, the water may become warm and stagnant. This can lead to root rot in plants.

To prevent this, you need to oxygenate the water properly. Use a good-quality air pump and stones and make sure that the water temperature is less than 70°F (21°C) to reduce the chances of root rot.

2. Temperature Sensitivity 

The nutrient solution can be sensitive to temperature changes. Warm water can lead to lower oxygen levels and a higher risk of pathogens. 

To cool a water reservoir, put it in a shaded area or use a chiller. You can also insulate the water tank to prevent temperature changes. 

3. pH Fluctuations 

The nutrient solution’s pH can change quickly in a DWC system, impacting the uptake of nutrients and the health of plants. To avoid issues, keep checking and adjusting the pH on a continuous basis using a pH meter and pH adjusters. Set up a schedule for checking the pH so you don't forget. 

4. Nutrient Solution Management

The nutrient solution is continuously in contact with the roots, and any imbalance or deficiency can affect all the plants connected to the system. Also, it must be well-balanced to prevent excessive or inadequate fertilization.

Use good hydroponic nutrients and check the nutrients regularly. You need to change the nutrient solution every 1-2 weeks to prevent salt build-up.

5. Potential for Algae Growth 

If your reservoir is always exposed to light, then you'll have algae clogging up the airstone and tubes soon. This can interrupt the plant roots that require air and can cause health issues in your plant.

To prevent this, cover the reservoir with opaque containers. Or, use an opaque container as the reservoir. Also, clean your system regularly to avoid algae buildup.

6. Less Room for Bigger Plants

DWC systems are more appropriate for smaller or medium-sized plants. Larger cannabis plants may outgrow the space and need support systems for a size upgrade.

If you are growing large plants, use a bigger net pot and reservoir, or consider using other hydroponic systems or modified systems.

Step-by-Step Guide to Build a DWC System 

Now that you understand how the system works, it's time to get into how to make a solid DIY DWC system at home to grow cannabis plants. 

1. Plan and Design Your Setup

The first step is planning and designing your setup so that it fits your space, budget, and the requirements of your cannabis plants. 

The location you choose to set up the system should be easily accessible and well-ventilated. It could be a grow room, part of your basement, or a big closet. Make sure the place doesn't experience extreme temperature fluctuations and has access to electrical plugs. 

Now, coming to the size of your system, it will depend on how many plants you want to grow. So, for example,  a small setup in a 2×2 or 3×3-foot area will work for a few plants. Bigger projects may need an exclusive room that has enough space for many grow trays and reservoirs. You should plan this according to your budget. Naturally, smaller setups will cost a bit less. If you want larger setups and want to grow multiple plants, you can consider an Ebb and Flow or Drip system.

2. Gather Tools and Materials 

After you plan your system, you’ll need to gather all the materials and tools you need for the job. 

Materials

• Reservoir

• Grow tray

• Net pots

• Growing medium (Hydroton or Rockwool)

• Air pump and air stones

• Grow lights

• Nutrient solution 

• Tubing and fittings

• pH meter and adjusters

• Timer

• Carbon filters

• Fans

Tools

• You will need a drill and drill bits to cut holes in the reservoir lid for net pots and tubing. 

• A saw if you're making a frame. 

• Measuring tape for measuring the sizing and placement. 

• Screwdriver and screws to assemble your frame. 

• Sharp knife for cutting the tubing and trimming edges. 

3. Make a Frame and Reservoir 

Make sure you have all the tools and materials handy before you start with the construction so you do not have to interrupt the process halfway through.

If you require a frame to support your grow tray, you can either make one from wood or metal or buy a ready-made frame. The frame must be strong enough to hold the weight of the grow trays, plants, and the nutrient solution. Make sure the frame is level and stable to prevent tipping or distributing the nutrient solution unevenly.

Next, you have to prepare your reservoir. Clean it properly to remove any residues or contaminants. Next, using the drill, make holes in the reservoir lid to fit the net pots. Make the holes with enough space for the plants to grow.

Put the reservoir right under the grow tray. This makes it easier for the water to flow. The plant roots will also be inside the reservoir. 

4. Set up Your Air Pump 

Start by attaching the air stones to the tubing that's connected to the air pump. Put the air stones at the bottom of the reservoir to make sure the oxygen is even throughout the nutrient solution.

Activate the air pump to oxygenate the water. This is important to avoid root rot and help roots grow well.

5. Install the Grow Lights and Set up the Ventilation 

Now, you can install the grow lights and ventilation for our cannabis plant. Take your growing lights and hang them directly above the grow tray. You should be able to raise the height as the plants grow.

Make sure the lights are evenly spaced on the grow tray so all the plants get the same amount of light. For this, we recommend LED lights because of their efficiency and low heat. 

For ventilation, use fans that will help with proper air circulation to maintain appropriate temperature and humidity. This is very important to prevent mold and mildew.

Add carbon filters if you’re worried about the odor. The filters must be linked to an exhaust fan that will vent the air outside or to a carbon scrubber that will neutralize the odor.

6. Add the Nutrients 

Here, you'll have to prepare your nutrient solution by mixing it according to the manufacturer's instructions. Make sure they dissolve well. Also, check the pH with your pH meter and adjust it if necessary using the pH adjuster. Next, fill the reservoir with the nutrient solution while making sure it covers the roots. 

Before adding your plants, test the system, making sure everything is working okay.

Turn on the air pump and let the system run for about 24 hours. Meanwhile, check for leaks and see if the nutrients circulate properly. Make sure the air stones are producing ample oxygen, meaning you should see a lot of bubbles. Also, check the temperature of the nutrient solution. It must not be too warm or else the roots will experience problems. 

Make any final adjustments necessary by securing any loose connections, adjusting the position of the grow lights, fine-tuning the ventilation setup, and so on.

Once you’re happy with your setup, you can plant your cannabis seedlings or clones.

And, that's it! You have a beautiful DWC system ready! 

If you constantly maintain and monitor the system, it will ensure good plant growth and yield a lot of buds. Now, all you have to do is choose good strains and plant them in your system.