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Is it legal to grow cannabis at home in Canada? Rules by province (2026)
Canada's federal law allows adults to grow up to four cannabis plants per household, but each province and territory sets its own conditions. Quebec prohibits home growing, Manitoba allowed it in May 2025, and patients registered with Health Canada follow a separate federal medical program. Here is what applies where you live, checked on October 26, 2026.
Federal law
Up to 4 plants per household (not per person), grown from legal seeds or seedlings, since October 17, 2018.
Quebec
Home growing is prohibited. The Supreme Court of Canada upheld the ban in April 2023.
Manitoba
Home growing allowed since May 1, 2025: 4 plants per household, indoors, adults 19 and over.
Medical growers
Patients registered with Health Canada may grow the number of plants shown on their registration certificate.
The federal rule: four plants per household
Since the Cannabis Act came into force on October 17, 2018, adults in Canada may grow a maximum of four cannabis plants per household (not per person) for personal use. Health Canada says the seeds or seedlings must come from legal sources, and that it is illegal to grow plants you know came from an illegal source. The four-plant rule applies subject to provincial, territorial and municipal restrictions: a province can add conditions or, as Quebec does, prohibit home growing altogether.
Quebec: home growing is banned
Quebec's Cannabis Regulation Act prohibits cultivating cannabis for personal use and prohibits possessing a cannabis plant, anywhere in the province, including inside your own home. The fine is $250 to $750 for a first offence and $500 to $1,500 for a repeat offence. Quebec also sets the minimum age to possess cannabis at 21, the highest in Canada, and limits storage in a private residence to 150 grams of dried cannabis (or its equivalent), no matter how many adults live there.
The ban was challenged in court. In Murray-Hall v. Quebec (Attorney General), 2023 SCC 10, decided on April 14, 2023, the Supreme Court of Canada unanimously ruled that Quebec's prohibition on home cultivation is constitutional. There is no four-plant allowance in Quebec, and no change to the law had been announced as of October 2026.
Medical growers: a separate federal program
Medical cannabis is regulated federally, under Part 14 of the Cannabis Regulations (the access to cannabis for medical purposes rules, formerly the ACMPR). The Quebec government's own page on the Cannabis Regulation Act states that, apart from the Act's rules on where cannabis may be used, only the federal regulations apply to medical cannabis.
Under the federal program, a health care practitioner may issue a medical document stating a daily amount of cannabis. The patient then applies to Health Canada to produce a limited amount of cannabis themselves, or to designate another person to produce it for them. If the application is approved, Health Canada issues a registration certificate that states how many plants may be grown (calculated under section 325 of the Cannabis Regulations from the daily amount and whether the plants are grown indoors, outdoors or both). Growing may only start once the certificate is received. The Cannabis Regulations provide for a registered person to order plants or seeds as starting material from a federal licence holder authorized to sell for medical purposes, and Health Canada describes that as the only legal source of supply for a registered grower. A registered or designated person also remains responsible for complying with provincial, territorial and municipal laws, including building codes and bylaws.
Home growing rules by province and territory
The table below summarizes the personal (non-medical) rules in force on October 26, 2026. Landlords, condominium boards and municipalities can add restrictions anywhere in Canada, so check locally before you plant.
| Province / territory | Home growing | Key conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Alberta | 4 plants per household | Minimum age 18 |
| British Columbia | 4 plants per household | Plants must not be visible from a public place; minimum age 19 |
| Manitoba | 4 plants per household (since May 1, 2025) | Indoors only, inaccessible to young people; landlords and condo boards may restrict; minimum age 19 |
| New Brunswick | 4 plants per household | Minimum age 19 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 4 plants per household | Minimum age 19 |
| Nova Scotia | 4 plants per household | Minimum age 19 |
| Ontario | 4 plants per household | Minimum age 19 |
| Prince Edward Island | 4 plants per household | Plants must be kept secure from people under 19; minimum age 19 |
| Quebec | Prohibited | Fines of $250 to $750 ($500 to $1,500 for a repeat offence); minimum age 21; 150 g storage limit per residence |
| Saskatchewan | 4 plants per household | Landlords and condo boards may restrict; minimum age 19 |
| Northwest Territories | 4 plants per household | Minimum age 19 |
| Nunavut | 4 plants per household | Minimum age 19; 150 g home storage limit |
| Yukon | 4 plants per household | Minimum age 19 |
What this means when you order from Quebec Cannabis Seeds
Quebec Cannabis Seeds is a seed bank and breeder based in Quebec. We sell to adults 18 and over and ship across Canada and to the United States. Buying seeds and growing plants are covered by different rules, and the growing rules depend on where you live. Before you germinate anything, make sure your province allows it (or that you hold a valid Health Canada registration certificate) and respect the plant limit, minimum age and any landlord or condominium conditions that apply to you. Our legal disclaimer explains our policy, and this page is general information, not legal advice.
If you can grow where you live, our strains are bred and selected for short Canadian seasons: see the 10 best strains to grow in Quebec, our autoflower seeds for small spaces, and where our seeds come from.
Frequently asked questions
Can I grow four cannabis plants in Quebec?
No. Quebec's Cannabis Regulation Act prohibits growing cannabis for personal use and possessing a cannabis plant, even at home. The federal four-plant allowance does not apply in Quebec, and the Supreme Court of Canada upheld the ban in April 2023.
Can a medical patient in Quebec grow their own cannabis?
Quebec's government states that, apart from the rules on where cannabis may be used, only the federal regulations apply to medical cannabis. Under those federal regulations, a patient registered with Health Canada may produce the number of plants stated on their registration certificate, or designate someone to produce it for them.
Does the four-plant limit apply per person or per household?
Per household. Health Canada's rule is a maximum of four plants per household, not per person, and provinces may add further conditions.
Which provinces and territories allow home growing?
All of them except Quebec allow up to four plants per household, with local conditions such as a minimum age of 18 or 19, indoor-only growing (Manitoba) or keeping plants out of public view (British Columbia). Manitoba was the last province to allow it, on May 1, 2025.
How many plants can a registered medical grower have?
It depends on the daily amount on the medical document and on whether the plants are grown indoors or outdoors. Health Canada calculates the number under section 325 of the Cannabis Regulations and prints it on the registration certificate.
Sources
- Health Canada: Growing cannabis at home safely (4 plants per household, legal sources, provincial restrictions)
- Government of Quebec: The Cannabis Regulation Act (cultivation ban, fines, age 21, 150 g limit, medical cannabis)
- Supreme Court of Canada: Murray-Hall v. Quebec (Attorney General), 2023 SCC 10
- Government of Manitoba: Growing cannabis at home
- Health Canada: Registering to produce or possess cannabis for your own medical purposes
- Cannabis Regulations (SOR/2018-144), Part 14
Last checked October 26, 2026. Laws change; this page is general information and not legal advice. Please verify with your provincial government or a lawyer before growing.